Nahid Jesri; Abedin Saghafipour; Fatemeh Rezaei; Moharram Karami Jooshin
Volume 23, Issue 3 , July and August 2016, , Pages 496-503
Abstract
Background This study aimed to assess the geographical distribution of smoking which is a risk factor for non-communicable diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular disease, and respiratory disorders in Iran. In this regard, mapping of cigarette smoking was designed and implemented using Geographic Information ...
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Background This study aimed to assess the geographical distribution of smoking which is a risk factor for non-communicable diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular disease, and respiratory disorders in Iran. In this regard, mapping of cigarette smoking was designed and implemented using Geographic Information System.Materials & Methods This is a cross-sectional study. Initially, the national data from risk factors for non-communicable diseases screening program were collected from the Iranian Non-communicable Disease Control Center. Then, the incidence of cigarette smoking in each province was calculated. These data have been prepared by the Health Ministry. In the next step, the data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Then, these data were arranged in a geo-referenced database in the ArcGIS software. The map of distribution of cigarette smoking was drawn by ArcGIS version 9.3.Results The incidence of cigarette smoking in Iran has been estimated as 10.82%. More than 20% of Iranian men currently smoke tobacco on a daily basis and this percentage among Iranian women is 1.02%. The average start age of smoking is at the age of 20.13 years. The average smoking years was 13.82 years. Cigarette smoking in many provinces, such as Tehran, West Azerbaijan, Ardebil, as well as Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari, were higher than the national average. Conclusion People in the provinces of Tehran, West Azerbaijan, Ardebil, as well as Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari, are more exposed to the danger of cigarette smoking than the people in the other provinces.
Abedin Saghafipour; Moharram Karami Jovshan; Gholamreza Sharifirad; Mehdi Asadi; Ali Rasouli; siamak Mohebbi
Volume 21, Issue 4 , September and October 2014, , Pages 540-549
Abstract
Background: Although vegetables have important role to our diets but in case of infection with microbes they can act as a source of infection for variety of intestinal diseases namely cholera. Present study aimed to figure out the status of vegetable disinfection behavior and its modifiable determinants ...
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Background: Although vegetables have important role to our diets but in case of infection with microbes they can act as a source of infection for variety of intestinal diseases namely cholera. Present study aimed to figure out the status of vegetable disinfection behavior and its modifiable determinants during cholera outbreak in Qom province in 2011.
Material & Methods: In a descriptive-analytic study on 554 women (who were household-keeper), vegetable disinfection behavior and its determinants were investigated. In this study, the multistage sampling method was used. A researcher-tailored questionnaire was used to gather data. The valid and reliable questionnaire was comprised of 85 questions and was completed by subjects. Then, the collected data was analyzed by SPSS software (version 19) and using Pearson correlation coefficient (CI=95%).
Results: The mean and standard error (SE) of age of subjects were about 31.24+-8.45 Women’s knowledge score on use of vegetable disinfectants had a mean and SE of 71.5+-11.65. Altogether, only 15.99% of women (87 persons) reported a complete disinfection of vegetables. The strongest relationship was found between Vegetable disinfection behavior and the perceived barriers that based on Pearson correlation coefficient was a significant but reverse relationship. (r=-0.567, p=0.019).
Conclusion: Our findings showed that house-keeping women had a poor behavior regarding vegetable disinfection. Consequently, poorly-disinfected vegetables are still a prominent health problem respecting spread of intestinal diseases especially cholera.